Everything about John Sankey 1st Viscount Sankey totally explained
John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey GBE PC KGStJ (
26 October 1866 –
6 February 1948) was a prominent
British politician, famous for many of his judgments in the
House of Lords.
Sankey was educated at
Lancing College,
Sussex and
Jesus College, Oxford, graduating with a
second-class
BA in
Modern History in 1889 and a
third-class
Bachelor of Civil Law degree in 1891. He became a
barrister in the
Middle Temple in 1892.
Sankey became a
Lord Justice of Appeal in 1928 and was raised to the peerage as
Baron Sankey in
1929; that year, he was appointed
Lord Chancellor under
Ramsay MacDonald's
Labour government. He was one of the few Labour politicians to follow MacDonald into the
National Government in 1931, and served as Lord Chancellor until 1935, when
Stanley Baldwin re-entered office.
Several of his judgments in the House of Lords have become landmark statements of law. Of particular note are his statements in
Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General) (often referred to as the Persons Case) which dealt with the eligibility of women to be appointed to the Canadian
Senate. In his decision, Sankey set out the
living tree doctrine of constitutional interpretation that has become a foundation of Canadian constitutional law.
Viscount Sankey's judgment in is famous for iterating the duty inherent on the Prosecution to prove the prisoner's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In pertinent part, his judgment stated:
Throughout the web of the English criminal law one golden thread is always to be seen - that it's the duty of the prosecution to prove the prisoner's guilt subject to what I've already said as to the defence of insanity and subject also to any statutory exception...
This judgment is usually referred to as the 'golden thread'.
A
house at his former school
Lancing College is named after him.
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